Introduction

Relational databases consists of tables. Each table is built from rows and columns. Database Management System (DBMS) handles physical aspects of database.

Indexing

• Clustered index - index that changes how table is stored.
• Non-clustered index - index that created separate data structure.
• Unique index - enforces uniqueness on values of indexed column(s).
• Full-text index - Allows fast full-text search.

Replication

Replication is a process of synchronization between multiple instances (replicas) of database.

Partitioning

Split database into partitions.

Sharding

Split data inside database into shards.

Denormalization

Process of increasing duplication of data in relational databases in order to simplify and optimize queries by reducing required joins.